Don't ignore expected types of New.

compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/typer/Applications.scala

@@ -892,8 +892,17 @@ trait Applications extends Compatibility {
   def typedApply(tree: untpd.Apply, pt: Type)(using Context): Tree = {
 
     def realApply(using Context): Tree = {
+      val resultProto = tree.fun match
+        case Select(New(_), _) if pt.isInstanceOf[ValueType] => pt
+          // Don't ignore expected value types of `new` expressions. If we have a `new C()`
+          // with expected type `C[T]` we want to use the type to instantiate `C`
+          // immediately. This is necessary since `C` might _also_ have using clauses
+          // that we want to instantiate with the best available type. See i15664.scala.
+        case _ => IgnoredProto(pt)
+          // Do ignore other expected result types, since there might be an implicit conversion
+          // on the result. We could drop this if we disallow unrestricted implicit conversions.
       val originalProto =
-        new FunProto(tree.args, IgnoredProto(pt))(this, tree.applyKind)(using argCtx(tree))
+        new FunProto(tree.args, resultProto)(this, tree.applyKind)(using argCtx(tree))
       record("typedApply")
       val fun1 = typedExpr(tree.fun, originalProto)
 

compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/typer/Typer.scala

@@ -3346,25 +3346,23 @@ class Typer(@constructorOnly nestingLevel: Int = 0) extends Namer
     // try an implicit conversion or given extension
     if ctx.mode.is(Mode.ImplicitsEnabled) && !tree.name.isConstructorName && qual.tpe.isValueType then
       try
-        trace(i"try insert impl on qualifier $tree $pt") {
-          val selProto = selectionProto
-          inferView(qual, selProto) match
-            case SearchSuccess(found, _, _, isExtension) =>
-              if isExtension then return found
-              else
-                checkImplicitConversionUseOK(found)
-                return withoutMode(Mode.ImplicitsEnabled)(typedSelect(tree, pt, found))
-            case failure: SearchFailure =>
-              if failure.isAmbiguous then
-                return
-                  if !inSelect // in a selection we will do the canDefineFurther afterwards
-                     && canDefineFurther(qual.tpe.widen)
-                  then
-                    tryExtensionOrConversion(tree, pt, mbrProto, qual, locked, compat, inSelect)
-                  else
-                    err.typeMismatch(qual, selProto, failure.reason) // TODO: report NotAMember instead, but need to be aware of failure
-              rememberSearchFailure(qual, failure)
-        }
+        val selProto = selectionProto
+        trace(i"try insert impl on qualifier $tree $pt") { inferView(qual, selProto) } match
+          case SearchSuccess(found, _, _, isExtension) =>
+            if isExtension then return found
+            else
+              checkImplicitConversionUseOK(found)
+              return withoutMode(Mode.ImplicitsEnabled)(typedSelect(tree, pt, found))
+          case failure: SearchFailure =>
+            if failure.isAmbiguous then
+              return
+                if !inSelect // in a selection we will do the canDefineFurther afterwards
+                    && canDefineFurther(qual.tpe.widen)
+                then
+                  tryExtensionOrConversion(tree, pt, mbrProto, qual, locked, compat, inSelect)
+                else
+                  err.typeMismatch(qual, selProto, failure.reason) // TODO: report NotAMember instead, but need to be aware of failure
+            rememberSearchFailure(qual, failure)
       catch case ex: TypeError => nestedFailure(ex)
 
     EmptyTree

tests/pos/i15664.scala

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+trait CpsMonad[F[_]]:
+  type Context <: CpsMonadContext[F]
+type Aux[F[_], C <: CpsMonadContext[F]] = CpsMonad[F] { type Context = C }
+trait CpsMonadContext[F[_]]
+trait CpsMonadInstanceContext[F[_]] extends CpsMonad[F]:
+  type Context = CpsMonadInstanceContextBody[F]
+class CpsMonadInstanceContextBody[F[_]](m: CpsMonadInstanceContext[F]) extends CpsMonadContext[F]
+class InferAsyncArg[F[_], C <: CpsMonadContext[F]](using val am: Aux[F, C])
+
+sealed abstract class ZManaged[-R, +E, +A]
+type RManaged[-R, +A] = ZManaged[R, Throwable, A]
+
+type ForZManaged[R, E] = [X] =>> ZManaged[R, E, X]
+given zManagedCpsMonad[R, E]: CpsMonadInstanceContext[ForZManaged[R, E]] = ???
+
+// Usage
+def failing[R, E](using
+    CpsMonad[ForZManaged[R, E]]
+): InferAsyncArg[ForZManaged[R, E], CpsMonadInstanceContextBody[ForZManaged[R, E]]] =
+  new InferAsyncArg()
+
+def compiling[R, E](using
+    CpsMonad[ForZManaged[R, E]]
+) =
+  new InferAsyncArg[ForZManaged[R, E], CpsMonadInstanceContextBody[ForZManaged[R, E]]]