added the "Create your own framework" tutorial

Author: fabpot

create_framework/index.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+Create your PHP Framework
+=========================
+
+.. toctree::
+
+    part01
+    part02
+    part03
+    part04
+    part05
+    part06
+    part07
+    part08
+    part09
+    part10
+    part11
+    part12

create_framework/part01.rst

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+Introduction
+============
+
+`Symfony2`_ is a reusable set of standalone, decoupled, and cohesive PHP
+components that solve common web development problems.
+
+Instead of using these low-level components, you can use the ready-to-be-used
+Symfony2 full-stack web framework, which is based on these components... or
+you can create your very own framework. This book is about the latter.
+
+.. note::
+
+    If you just want to use the Symfony2 full-stack framework, you'd better
+    read its official `documentation`_ instead.
+
+Why would you like to create your own framework?
+------------------------------------------------
+
+Why would you like to create your own framework in the first place? If you
+look around, everybody will tell you that it's a bad thing to reinvent the
+wheel and that you'd better choose an existing framework and forget about
+creating your own altogether. Most of the time, they are right but I can think
+of a few good reasons to start creating your own framework:
+
+* To learn more about the low level architecture of modern web frameworks in
+  general and about the Symfony2 full-stack framework internals in particular;
+
+* To create a framework tailored to your very specific needs (just be sure
+  first that your needs are really specific);
+
+* To experiment creating a framework for fun (in a learn-and-throw-away
+  approach);
+
+* To refactor an old/existing application that needs a good dose of recent web
+  development best practices;
+
+* To prove the world that you can actually create a framework on your own (...
+  but with little effort).
+
+I will gently guide you through the creation of a web framework, one step at a
+time. At each step, you will have a fully-working framework that you can use
+as is or as a start for your very own. We will start with simple frameworks
+and more features will be added with time. Eventually, you will have a
+fully-featured full-stack web framework.
+
+And of course, each step will be the occasion to learn more about some of the
+Symfony2 Components.
+
+.. tip::
+
+    If you don't have time to read the whole book, or if you want to get
+    started fast, you can also have a look at `Silex`_, a micro-framework
+    based on the Symfony2 Components. The code is rather slim and it leverages
+    many aspects of the Symfony2 Components.
+
+Many modern web frameworks advertize themselves as being MVC frameworks. We
+won't talk about the MVC pattern as the Symfony2 Components are able to create
+any type of frameworks, not just the ones that follow the MVC architecture.
+Anyway, if you have a look at the MVC semantics, this book is about how to
+create the Controller part of a framework. For the Model and the View, it
+really depends on your personal taste and I will let you use any existing
+third-party libraries (Doctrine, Propel, or plain-old PDO for the Model; PHP
+or Twig for the View).
+
+When creating a framework, following the MVC pattern is not the right goal.
+The main goal should be the **Separation of Concerns**; I actually think that
+this is the only design pattern that you should really care about. The
+fundamental principles of the Symfony2 Components are focused on the HTTP
+specification. As such, the frameworks that we are going to create should be
+more accurately labelled as HTTP frameworks or Request/Response frameworks.
+
+Before we start
+---------------
+
+Reading about how to create a framework is not enough. You will have to follow
+along and actually type all the examples we will work on. For that, you need a
+recent version of PHP (5.3.8 or later is good enough), a web server (like
+Apache or NGinx), a good knowledge of PHP and an understanding of Object
+Oriented programming.
+
+Ready to go? Let's start.
+
+Bootstrapping
+-------------
+
+Before we can even think of creating our first framework, we need to talk
+about some conventions: where we will store our code, how we will name our
+classes, how we will reference external dependencies, etc.
+
+To store our framework, create a directory somewhere on your machine:
+
+.. code-block:: sh
+
+    $ mkdir framework
+    $ cd framework
+
+Dependency Management
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+To install the Symfony2 Components that we need for our framework, we are going
+to use `Composer`_, a project dependency manager for PHP. If you don't have it
+yet, `download and install`_ Composer now:
+
+.. code-block:: sh
+
+    $ curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | php
+
+Then, generate an empty ``composer.json`` file, where Composer will store the
+framework dependencies:
+
+.. code-block:: sh
+
+    $ php composer.phar init -n
+
+Our Project
+-----------
+
+Instead of creating our framework from scratch, we are going to write the same
+"application" over and over again, adding one abstraction at a time. Let's
+start with the simplest web application we can think of in PHP::
+
+    <?php
+
+    // framework/index.php
+
+    $input = $_GET['name'];
+
+    printf('Hello %s', $input);
+
+Use the PHP built-in server to test this great application in a browser
+(``http://localhost:4321/index.php?name=Fabien``):
+
+.. code-block:: sh
+
+    $ php -S 127.0.0.1:4321
+
+In the next chapter, we are going to introduce the HttpFoundation Component
+and see what it brings us.
+
+.. _`Symfony2`:             http://symfony.com/
+.. _`documentation`:        http://symfony.com/doc
+.. _`Silex`:                http://silex.sensiolabs.org/
+.. _`Composer`:             http://packagist.org/about-composer
+.. _`download and install`: https://getcomposer.org/doc/01-basic-usage.md