Move the documentation from the main PR to RST format.

Author: sroze

_images/components/message/overview.png

@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
+.. index::
+   single: Message
+   single: Components; Message
+
+The Message Component
+=====================
+
+    The Message component helps application to send and receive messages
+    to/from other applications or via
+
+Concepts
+--------
+
+.. image:: /_images/components/message/overview.png
+
+1. **Sender**
+   Responsible for serializing and sending the message to _something_. This something can be a message broker or a 3rd
+   party API for example.
+
+2. **Receiver**
+   Responsible for deserializing and forwarding the messages to handler(s). This can be a message queue puller or an API
+   endpoint for example.
+
+3. **Handler**
+   Given a received message, contains the user business logic related to the message. In practice, that is just a PHP
+   callable.
+
+Bus
+---
+
+The bus is used to dispatch messages. MessageBus' behaviour is in its ordered middleware stack. When using
+the message bus with Symfony's FrameworkBundle, the following middlewares are configured for you:
+
+1. `LoggingMiddleware` (log the processing of your messages)
+2. `SendMessageMiddleware` (enable asynchronous processing)
+3. `HandleMessageMiddleware` (call the registered handle)
+
+    use App\Message\MyMessage;
+
+    $result = $this->get('message_bus')->handle(new MyMessage(/* ... */));
+
+Handlers
+--------
+
+Once dispatched to the bus, messages will be handled by a "message handler". A message handler is a PHP callable
+(i.e. a function or an instance of a class) that will do the required processing for your message. It _might_ return a
+result.
+
+    namespace App\MessageHandler;
+
+    use App\Message\MyMessage;
+
+    class MyMessageHandler
+    {
+       public function __invoke(MyMessage $message)
+       {
+           // Message processing...
+       }
+    }
+
+
+    <service id="App\Handler\MyMessageHandler">
+       <tag name="message_handler" />
+    </service>
+
+**Note:** If the message cannot be guessed from the handler's type-hint, use the `handles` attribute on the tag.
+
+### Asynchronous messages
+
+Using the Message Component is useful to decouple your application but it also very useful when you want to do some
+asychronous processing. This means that your application will produce a message to a queuing system and consume this
+message later in the background, using a _worker_.
+
+#### Adapters
+
+The communication with queuing system or 3rd parties is for delegated to libraries for now. You can use one of the
+following adapters:
+
+- [PHP Enqueue bridge](https://github.com/sroze/enqueue-bridge) to use one of their 10+ compatible queues such as
+ RabbitMq, Amazon SQS or Google Pub/Sub.
+
+Routing
+-------
+
+When doing asynchronous processing, the key is to route the message to the right sender. As the routing is
+application-specific and not message-specific, the configuration can be made within the `framework.yaml`
+configuration file as well:
+
+    framework:
+       message:
+           routing:
+               'My\Message\MessageAboutDoingOperationalWork': my_operations_queue_sender
+
+Such configuration would only route the `MessageAboutDoingOperationalWork` message to be asynchronous, the rest of the
+messages would still be directly handled.
+
+If you want to do route all the messages to a queue by default, you can use such configuration:
+
+    framework:
+       message:
+           routing:
+               'My\Message\MessageAboutDoingOperationalWork': my_operations_queue_sender
+               '*': my_default_sender
+
+Note that you can also route a message to multiple senders at the same time:
+
+    framework:
+       message:
+           routing:
+               'My\Message\AnImportantMessage': [my_default_sender, my_audit_sender]
+
+Same bus received and sender
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+To allow us to receive and send messages on the same bus and prevent a loop, the message bus is equipped with the
+`WrapIntoReceivedMessage` received. It will wrap the received messages into `ReceivedMessage` objects and the
+`SendMessageMiddleware` middleware will know it should not send these messages.
+
+Your own sender
+---------------
+
+Using the `SenderInterface`, you can easily create your own message sender. Let's say you already have an
+`ImportantAction` message going through the message bus and handled by a handler. Now, you also want to send this
+message as an email.
+
+1. Create your sender
+
+    namespace App\MessageSender;
+
+    use Symfony\Component\Message\SenderInterface;
+    use App\Message\ImportantAction;
+
+    class ImportantActionToEmailSender implements SenderInterface
+    {
+       private $toEmail;
+       private $mailer;
+
+       public function __construct(\Swift_Mailer $mailer, string $toEmail)
+       {
+           $this->mailer = $mailer;
+           $this->toEmail = $toEmail;
+       }
+
+       public function send($message)
+       {
+           if (!$message instanceof ImportantAction) {
+               throw new \InvalidArgumentException(sprintf('Producer only supports "%s" messages.', ImportantAction::class));
+           }
+
+           $this->mailer->send(
+               (new \Swift_Message('Important action made'))
+                   ->setTo($this->toEmail)
+                   ->setBody(
+                       '<h1>Important action</h1><p>Made by '.$message->getUsername().'</p>',
+                       'text/html'
+                   )
+           );
+       }
+    }
+
+2. Register your sender service
+
+    services:
+         App\MessageSender\ImportantActionToEmailSender:
+             arguments:
+                 - "@mailer"
+                 - "%to_email%"
+
+             tags:
+                 - message.sender
+
+3. Route your important message to the sender
+
+    framework:
+       message:
+           routing:
+               'App\Message\ImportantAction': [App\MessageSender\ImportantActionToEmailSender, ~]
+
+**Note:** this example shows you how you can at the same time send your message and directly handle it using a `null`
+(`~`) sender.
+
+Your own receiver
+-----------------
+
+A consumer is responsible of receiving messages from a source and dispatching them to the application.
+
+Let's say you already proceed some "orders" on your application using a `NewOrder` message. Now you want to integrate with
+a 3rd party or a legacy application but you can't use an API and need to use a shared CSV file with new orders.
+
+You will read this CSV file and dispatch a `NewOrder` message. All you need to do is your custom CSV consumer and Symfony will do the rest.
+
+1. Create your receiver
+
+    namespace App\MessageReceiver;
+
+    use Symfony\Component\Message\ReceiverInterface;
+    use Symfony\Component\Serializer\SerializerInterface;
+
+    use App\Message\NewOrder;
+
+    class NewOrdersFromCsvFile implements ReceiverInterface
+    {
+       private $serializer;
+       private $filePath;
+
+       public function __construct(SerializerInteface $serializer, string $filePath)
+       {
+           $this->serializer = $serializer;
+           $this->filePath = $filePath;
+       }
+
+       public function receive() : \Generator
+       {
+           $ordersFromCsv = $this->serializer->deserialize(file_get_contents($this->filePath), 'csv');
+
+           foreach ($ordersFromCsv as $orderFromCsv) {
+               yield new NewOrder($orderFromCsv['id'], $orderFromCsv['account_id'], $orderFromCsv['amount']);
+           }
+       }
+    }
+
+2. Register your receiver service
+
+    services:
+       App\MessageReceiver\NewOrdersFromCsvFile:
+           arguments:
+               - "@serializer"
+               - "%new_orders_csv_file_path%"
+
+           tags:
+               - message.receiver
+
+3. Use your consumer
+
+    $ bin/console message:consume App\MessageReceived\NewOrdersFromCsvFile