diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/interpret/value.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/interpret/value.rs
index 20861d5ffa405..47831d44de4e3 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/interpret/value.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/interpret/value.rs
@@ -93,6 +93,10 @@ impl<'tcx> ConstValue<'tcx> {
         ConstValue::Scalar(Scalar::from_bool(b))
     }
 
+    pub fn from_u32(i: u32) -> Self {
+        ConstValue::Scalar(Scalar::from_u32(i))
+    }
+
     pub fn from_u64(i: u64) -> Self {
         ConstValue::Scalar(Scalar::from_u64(i))
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/sty.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/sty.rs
index 3e023ccdead67..0d327c332ac00 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/sty.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/sty.rs
@@ -1872,6 +1872,10 @@ impl<'tcx> Region<'tcx> {
 
 /// Constructors for `Ty`
 impl<'tcx> Ty<'tcx> {
+    pub fn new_bool(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>) -> Ty<'tcx> {
+        Ty::new(tcx, TyKind::Bool)
+    }
+
     // Avoid this in favour of more specific `new_*` methods, where possible.
     #[allow(rustc::usage_of_ty_tykind)]
     #[inline]
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/lib.rs
index 734321e97d892..a4c769be31966 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/lib.rs
@@ -95,6 +95,7 @@ mod required_consts;
 mod reveal_all;
 mod separate_const_switch;
 mod shim;
+mod simplify_pow_of_two;
 mod ssa;
 // This pass is public to allow external drivers to perform MIR cleanup
 mod check_alignment;
@@ -546,6 +547,7 @@ fn run_optimization_passes<'tcx>(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, body: &mut Body<'tcx>) {
             &lower_slice_len::LowerSliceLenCalls, // has to be done before inlining, otherwise actual call will be almost always inlined. Also simple, so can just do first
             &unreachable_prop::UnreachablePropagation,
             &uninhabited_enum_branching::UninhabitedEnumBranching,
+            &simplify_pow_of_two::SimplifyPowOfTwo,
             &o1(simplify::SimplifyCfg::AfterUninhabitedEnumBranching),
             &inline::Inline,
             &remove_storage_markers::RemoveStorageMarkers,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/simplify_pow_of_two.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/simplify_pow_of_two.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..a500b45651c88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/simplify_pow_of_two.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+//! A pass that checks for and simplifies calls to `pow` where the receiver is a power of
+//! two. This can be done with `<<` instead.
+
+use crate::MirPass;
+use rustc_const_eval::interpret::{ConstValue, Scalar};
+use rustc_middle::mir::patch::MirPatch;
+use rustc_middle::mir::*;
+use rustc_middle::ty::{self, Ty, TyCtxt, UintTy};
+use rustc_span::sym;
+use rustc_target::abi::FieldIdx;
+
+pub struct SimplifyPowOfTwo;
+
+impl<'tcx> MirPass<'tcx> for SimplifyPowOfTwo {
+    fn run_pass(&self, tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, body: &mut Body<'tcx>) {
+        let mut patch = MirPatch::new(body);
+
+        for (i, bb) in body.basic_blocks.iter_enumerated() {
+            let term = bb.terminator();
+            let source_info = term.source_info;
+            let span = source_info.span;
+
+            if let TerminatorKind::Call {
+                    func,
+                    args,
+                    destination,
+                    target: Some(target),
+                    call_source: CallSource::Normal,
+                    ..
+                } = &term.kind
+                && let Some(def_id) = func.const_fn_def().map(|def| def.0)
+                && let def_path = tcx.def_path(def_id)
+                && tcx.crate_name(def_path.krate) == sym::core
+                && let [recv, exp] = args.as_slice()
+                && let Some(recv_const) = recv.constant()
+                && let ConstantKind::Val(
+                    ConstValue::Scalar(Scalar::Int(recv_int)),
+                    recv_ty,
+                ) = recv_const.literal
+                && recv_ty.is_integral()
+                && tcx.item_name(def_id) == sym::pow
+                && let Ok(recv_val) = match recv_ty.kind() {
+                    ty::Int(_) => {
+                        let result = recv_int.try_to_int(recv_int.size()).unwrap_or(-1).max(0);
+                        if result > 0 {
+                            Ok(result as u128)
+                        } else {
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                    },
+                    ty::Uint(_) => recv_int.try_to_uint(recv_int.size()),
+                    _ => continue,
+                }
+                && let power_used = f32::log2(recv_val as f32)
+                // Precision loss means it's not a power of two
+                && power_used == (power_used as u32) as f32
+                // `0` would be `1.pow()`, which we shouldn't try to optimize as it's
+                // already entirely optimized away
+                && power_used != 0.0
+                // `-inf` would be `0.pow()`
+                && power_used.is_finite()
+            {
+                let power_used = power_used as u32;
+                let loc = Location { block: i, statement_index: bb.statements.len() };
+                let exp_ty = Ty::new(tcx, ty::Uint(UintTy::U32));
+                let checked_mul =
+                    patch.new_temp(Ty::new_tup(tcx, &[exp_ty, Ty::new_bool(tcx)]), span);
+
+                // If this is not `2.pow(...)`, we need to multiply the number of times we
+                // shift the bits left by the receiver's power of two used, e.g.:
+                //
+                // > 2 -> 1
+                // > 4 -> 2
+                // > 16 -> 4
+                // > 256 -> 8
+                //
+                // If this is `1`, then we *could* remove this entirely but it'll be
+                // optimized out anyway by later passes (or perhaps LLVM) so it's entirely
+                // unnecessary to do so.
+                patch.add_assign(
+                    loc,
+                    checked_mul.into(),
+                    Rvalue::CheckedBinaryOp(
+                        BinOp::Mul,
+                        Box::new((
+                            exp.clone(),
+                            Operand::Constant(Box::new(Constant {
+                                span,
+                                user_ty: None,
+                                literal: ConstantKind::Val(
+                                    ConstValue::from_u32(power_used),
+                                    exp_ty,
+                                ),
+                            })),
+                        )),
+                    ),
+                );
+
+                let num_shl = tcx.mk_place_field(checked_mul.into(), FieldIdx::from_u32(0), exp_ty);
+                let mul_result = tcx.mk_place_field(
+                    checked_mul.into(),
+                    FieldIdx::from_u32(1),
+                    Ty::new_bool(tcx),
+                );
+                let shl_result = patch.new_temp(Ty::new_bool(tcx), span);
+
+                // Whether the shl will overflow, if so we return 0. We can do this rather
+                // than doing a shr because only one bit is set on any power of two
+                patch.add_assign(
+                    loc,
+                    shl_result.into(),
+                    Rvalue::BinaryOp(
+                        BinOp::Lt,
+                        Box::new((
+                            Operand::Copy(num_shl),
+                            Operand::Constant(Box::new(Constant {
+                                span,
+                                user_ty: None,
+                                literal: ConstantKind::Val(
+                                    ConstValue::from_u32(recv_int.size().bits() as u32),
+                                    exp_ty,
+                                ),
+                            })),
+                        )),
+                    ),
+                );
+
+                let fine_bool = patch.new_temp(Ty::new_bool(tcx), span);
+                let fine = patch.new_temp(recv_ty, span);
+
+                patch.add_assign(
+                    loc,
+                    fine_bool.into(),
+                    Rvalue::BinaryOp(
+                        BinOp::BitOr,
+                        Box::new((
+                            Operand::Copy(mul_result.into()),
+                            Operand::Copy(shl_result.into()),
+                        )),
+                    ),
+                );
+
+                patch.add_assign(
+                    loc,
+                    fine.into(),
+                    Rvalue::Cast(CastKind::IntToInt, Operand::Copy(fine_bool.into()), recv_ty),
+                );
+
+                let shl = patch.new_temp(recv_ty, span);
+
+                patch.add_assign(
+                    loc,
+                    shl.into(),
+                    Rvalue::BinaryOp(
+                        BinOp::Shl,
+                        Box::new((
+                            Operand::Constant(Box::new(Constant {
+                                span,
+                                user_ty: None,
+                                literal: ConstantKind::Val(
+                                    ConstValue::Scalar(Scalar::from_uint(1u128, recv_int.size())),
+                                    recv_ty,
+                                ),
+                            })),
+                            Operand::Copy(num_shl.into()),
+                        )),
+                    ),
+                );
+
+                patch.add_assign(
+                    loc,
+                    *destination,
+                    Rvalue::BinaryOp(
+                        BinOp::MulUnchecked,
+                        Box::new((Operand::Copy(shl.into()), Operand::Copy(fine.into()))),
+                    ),
+                );
+
+                // FIXME(Centri3): Do we use `debug_assertions` or `overflow_checks` here?
+                if tcx.sess.opts.debug_assertions {
+                    patch.patch_terminator(
+                        i,
+                        TerminatorKind::Assert {
+                            cond: Operand::Copy(fine_bool.into()),
+                            expected: true,
+                            msg: Box::new(AssertMessage::Overflow(
+                                // For consistency with the previous error message, though
+                                // it's technically incorrect
+                                BinOp::Mul,
+                                Operand::Constant(Box::new(Constant {
+                                    span,
+                                    user_ty: None,
+                                    literal: ConstantKind::Val(
+                                        ConstValue::Scalar(Scalar::from_u32(1)),
+                                        exp_ty,
+                                    ),
+                                })),
+                                Operand::Copy(num_shl.into()),
+                            )),
+                            target: *target,
+                            unwind: UnwindAction::Continue,
+                        },
+                    );
+                } else {
+                    patch.patch_terminator(i, TerminatorKind::Goto { target: *target });
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        patch.apply(body);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_span/src/symbol.rs b/compiler/rustc_span/src/symbol.rs
index d3739733c1d10..c6add72fde56c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_span/src/symbol.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_span/src/symbol.rs
@@ -1054,6 +1054,7 @@ symbols! {
         not,
         notable_trait,
         note,
+        num,
         object_safe_for_dispatch,
         of,
         offset,
@@ -1121,6 +1122,7 @@ symbols! {
         poll,
         position,
         post_dash_lto: "post-lto",
+        pow,
         powerpc_target_feature,
         powf32,
         powf64,
diff --git a/tests/codegen/simplify-pow-of-two-debug-assertions.rs b/tests/codegen/simplify-pow-of-two-debug-assertions.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..c1d2a0b2acd01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/codegen/simplify-pow-of-two-debug-assertions.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+// compile-flags: -Copt-level=3 -Cdebug-assertions=true
+
+// CHECK-LABEL: @slow_2_u(
+#[no_mangle]
+fn slow_2_u(a: u32) -> u32 {
+    // CHECK: %_3 = icmp ult i32 %a, 32
+    // CHECK-NEXT: br i1 %_3, label %bb1, label %panic, !prof !{{[0-9]+}}
+    // CHECK-EMPTY:
+    // CHECK-NEXT: bb1:
+    // CHECK-NEXT: %_01 = shl nuw i32 1, %a
+    // CHECK-NEXT: ret i32 %_0
+    // CHECK-EMPTY:
+    // CHECK-NEXT: panic:
+    2u32.pow(a)
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    slow_2_u(2);
+}
diff --git a/tests/codegen/simplify-pow-of-two.rs b/tests/codegen/simplify-pow-of-two.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..657e4af8dbc10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/codegen/simplify-pow-of-two.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// compile-flags: -Copt-level=3
+
+// CHECK-LABEL: @slow_2_u(
+#[no_mangle]
+fn slow_2_u(a: u32) -> u32 {
+    // CHECK: %_3 = icmp ult i32 %a, 32
+    // CHECK-NEXT: %_5 = zext i1 %_3 to i32
+    // CHECK-NEXT: %0 = and i32 %a, 31
+    // CHECK-NEXT: %_01 = shl nuw i32 %_5, %0
+    // CHECK-NEXT: ret i32 %_01
+    2u32.pow(a)
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    slow_2_u(2);
+}
diff --git a/tests/mir-opt/simplify_pow_of_two_no_overflow_checks.rs b/tests/mir-opt/simplify_pow_of_two_no_overflow_checks.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..1315aa8a60107
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mir-opt/simplify_pow_of_two_no_overflow_checks.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+// unit-test: SimplifyPowOfTwo
+// compile-flags: -Cdebug-assertions=false
+
+// EMIT_MIR simplify_pow_of_two_no_overflow_checks.slow_2_u.SimplifyPowOfTwo.after.mir
+fn slow_2_u(a: u32) -> u32 {
+    2u32.pow(a)
+}
+
+// EMIT_MIR simplify_pow_of_two_no_overflow_checks.slow_2_i.SimplifyPowOfTwo.after.mir
+fn slow_2_i(a: u32) -> i32 {
+    2i32.pow(a)
+}
+
+// EMIT_MIR simplify_pow_of_two_no_overflow_checks.slow_4_u.SimplifyPowOfTwo.after.mir
+fn slow_4_u(a: u32) -> u32 {
+    4u32.pow(a)
+}
+
+// EMIT_MIR simplify_pow_of_two_no_overflow_checks.slow_4_i.SimplifyPowOfTwo.after.mir
+fn slow_4_i(a: u32) -> i32 {
+    4i32.pow(a)
+}
+
+// EMIT_MIR simplify_pow_of_two_no_overflow_checks.slow_256_u.SimplifyPowOfTwo.after.mir
+fn slow_256_u(a: u32) -> u32 {
+    256u32.pow(a)
+}
+
+// EMIT_MIR simplify_pow_of_two_no_overflow_checks.slow_256_i.SimplifyPowOfTwo.after.mir
+fn slow_256_i(a: u32) -> i32 {
+    256i32.pow(a)
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    slow_2_u(0);
+    slow_2_i(0);
+    slow_2_u(1);
+    slow_2_i(1);
+    slow_2_u(2);
+    slow_2_i(2);
+    slow_4_u(4);
+    slow_4_i(4);
+    slow_4_u(15);
+    slow_4_i(15);
+    slow_4_u(16);
+    slow_4_i(16);
+    slow_4_u(17);
+    slow_4_i(17);
+    slow_256_u(2);
+    slow_256_i(2);
+}
diff --git a/tests/mir-opt/simplify_pow_of_two_no_overflow_checks.slow_256_i.SimplifyPowOfTwo.after.mir b/tests/mir-opt/simplify_pow_of_two_no_overflow_checks.slow_256_i.SimplifyPowOfTwo.after.mir
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..23dc99e9d846a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mir-opt/simplify_pow_of_two_no_overflow_checks.slow_256_i.SimplifyPowOfTwo.after.mir
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+// MIR for `slow_256_i` after SimplifyPowOfTwo
+
+fn slow_256_i(_1: u32) -> i32 {
+    debug a => _1;
+    let mut _0: i32;
+    let mut _2: u32;
+    let mut _3: (u32, bool);
+    let mut _4: bool;
+    let mut _5: bool;
+    let mut _6: i32;
+    let mut _7: i32;
+
+    bb0: {
+        StorageLive(_2);
+        _2 = _1;
+        _3 = CheckedMul(move _2, const 8_u32);
+        _4 = Lt((_3.0: u32), const 32_u32);
+        _5 = BitOr((_3.1: bool), _4);
+        _6 = _5 as i32 (IntToInt);
+        _7 = Shl(const 1_i32, (_3.0: u32));
+        _0 = MulUnchecked(_7, _6);
+        goto -> bb1;
+    }
+
+    bb1: {
+        StorageDead(_2);
+        return;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/mir-opt/simplify_pow_of_two_no_overflow_checks.slow_256_u.SimplifyPowOfTwo.after.mir b/tests/mir-opt/simplify_pow_of_two_no_overflow_checks.slow_256_u.SimplifyPowOfTwo.after.mir
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..49d3236f4ca49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mir-opt/simplify_pow_of_two_no_overflow_checks.slow_256_u.SimplifyPowOfTwo.after.mir
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+// MIR for `slow_256_u` after SimplifyPowOfTwo
+
+fn slow_256_u(_1: u32) -> u32 {
+    debug a => _1;
+    let mut _0: u32;
+    let mut _2: u32;
+    let mut _3: (u32, bool);
+    let mut _4: bool;
+    let mut _5: bool;
+    let mut _6: u32;
+    let mut _7: u32;
+
+    bb0: {
+        StorageLive(_2);
+        _2 = _1;
+        _3 = CheckedMul(move _2, const 8_u32);
+        _4 = Lt((_3.0: u32), const 32_u32);
+        _5 = BitOr((_3.1: bool), _4);
+        _6 = _5 as u32 (IntToInt);
+        _7 = Shl(const 1_u32, (_3.0: u32));
+        _0 = MulUnchecked(_7, _6);
+        goto -> bb1;
+    }
+
+    bb1: {
+        StorageDead(_2);
+        return;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/mir-opt/simplify_pow_of_two_no_overflow_checks.slow_2_i.SimplifyPowOfTwo.after.mir b/tests/mir-opt/simplify_pow_of_two_no_overflow_checks.slow_2_i.SimplifyPowOfTwo.after.mir
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..73c9e5607d22c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mir-opt/simplify_pow_of_two_no_overflow_checks.slow_2_i.SimplifyPowOfTwo.after.mir
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+// MIR for `slow_2_i` after SimplifyPowOfTwo
+
+fn slow_2_i(_1: u32) -> i32 {
+    debug a => _1;
+    let mut _0: i32;
+    let mut _2: u32;
+    let mut _3: (u32, bool);
+    let mut _4: bool;
+    let mut _5: bool;
+    let mut _6: i32;
+    let mut _7: i32;
+
+    bb0: {
+        StorageLive(_2);
+        _2 = _1;
+        _3 = CheckedMul(move _2, const 1_u32);
+        _4 = Lt((_3.0: u32), const 32_u32);
+        _5 = BitOr((_3.1: bool), _4);
+        _6 = _5 as i32 (IntToInt);
+        _7 = Shl(const 1_i32, (_3.0: u32));
+        _0 = MulUnchecked(_7, _6);
+        goto -> bb1;
+    }
+
+    bb1: {
+        StorageDead(_2);
+        return;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/mir-opt/simplify_pow_of_two_no_overflow_checks.slow_2_u.SimplifyPowOfTwo.after.mir b/tests/mir-opt/simplify_pow_of_two_no_overflow_checks.slow_2_u.SimplifyPowOfTwo.after.mir
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..216e3909a0479
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mir-opt/simplify_pow_of_two_no_overflow_checks.slow_2_u.SimplifyPowOfTwo.after.mir
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+// MIR for `slow_2_u` after SimplifyPowOfTwo
+
+fn slow_2_u(_1: u32) -> u32 {
+    debug a => _1;
+    let mut _0: u32;
+    let mut _2: u32;
+    let mut _3: (u32, bool);
+    let mut _4: bool;
+    let mut _5: bool;
+    let mut _6: u32;
+    let mut _7: u32;
+
+    bb0: {
+        StorageLive(_2);
+        _2 = _1;
+        _3 = CheckedMul(move _2, const 1_u32);
+        _4 = Lt((_3.0: u32), const 32_u32);
+        _5 = BitOr((_3.1: bool), _4);
+        _6 = _5 as u32 (IntToInt);
+        _7 = Shl(const 1_u32, (_3.0: u32));
+        _0 = MulUnchecked(_7, _6);
+        goto -> bb1;
+    }
+
+    bb1: {
+        StorageDead(_2);
+        return;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/mir-opt/simplify_pow_of_two_no_overflow_checks.slow_4_i.SimplifyPowOfTwo.after.mir b/tests/mir-opt/simplify_pow_of_two_no_overflow_checks.slow_4_i.SimplifyPowOfTwo.after.mir
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..bfe055d0be5c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mir-opt/simplify_pow_of_two_no_overflow_checks.slow_4_i.SimplifyPowOfTwo.after.mir
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+// MIR for `slow_4_i` after SimplifyPowOfTwo
+
+fn slow_4_i(_1: u32) -> i32 {
+    debug a => _1;
+    let mut _0: i32;
+    let mut _2: u32;
+    let mut _3: (u32, bool);
+    let mut _4: bool;
+    let mut _5: bool;
+    let mut _6: i32;
+    let mut _7: i32;
+
+    bb0: {
+        StorageLive(_2);
+        _2 = _1;
+        _3 = CheckedMul(move _2, const 2_u32);
+        _4 = Lt((_3.0: u32), const 32_u32);
+        _5 = BitOr((_3.1: bool), _4);
+        _6 = _5 as i32 (IntToInt);
+        _7 = Shl(const 1_i32, (_3.0: u32));
+        _0 = MulUnchecked(_7, _6);
+        goto -> bb1;
+    }
+
+    bb1: {
+        StorageDead(_2);
+        return;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/mir-opt/simplify_pow_of_two_no_overflow_checks.slow_4_u.SimplifyPowOfTwo.after.mir b/tests/mir-opt/simplify_pow_of_two_no_overflow_checks.slow_4_u.SimplifyPowOfTwo.after.mir
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..238528a0b5275
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mir-opt/simplify_pow_of_two_no_overflow_checks.slow_4_u.SimplifyPowOfTwo.after.mir
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+// MIR for `slow_4_u` after SimplifyPowOfTwo
+
+fn slow_4_u(_1: u32) -> u32 {
+    debug a => _1;
+    let mut _0: u32;
+    let mut _2: u32;
+    let mut _3: (u32, bool);
+    let mut _4: bool;
+    let mut _5: bool;
+    let mut _6: u32;
+    let mut _7: u32;
+
+    bb0: {
+        StorageLive(_2);
+        _2 = _1;
+        _3 = CheckedMul(move _2, const 2_u32);
+        _4 = Lt((_3.0: u32), const 32_u32);
+        _5 = BitOr((_3.1: bool), _4);
+        _6 = _5 as u32 (IntToInt);
+        _7 = Shl(const 1_u32, (_3.0: u32));
+        _0 = MulUnchecked(_7, _6);
+        goto -> bb1;
+    }
+
+    bb1: {
+        StorageDead(_2);
+        return;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/mir-opt/simplify_pow_of_two_overflow_checks.rs b/tests/mir-opt/simplify_pow_of_two_overflow_checks.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..c8d219755c747
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mir-opt/simplify_pow_of_two_overflow_checks.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+// unit-test: SimplifyPowOfTwo
+// compile-flags: -Cdebug-assertions=true
+
+// EMIT_MIR simplify_pow_of_two_overflow_checks.slow_2_u.SimplifyPowOfTwo.after.mir
+fn slow_2_u(a: u32) -> u32 {
+    2u32.pow(a)
+}
+
+// EMIT_MIR simplify_pow_of_two_overflow_checks.slow_2_i.SimplifyPowOfTwo.after.mir
+fn slow_2_i(a: u32) -> i32 {
+    2i32.pow(a)
+}
+
+// EMIT_MIR simplify_pow_of_two_overflow_checks.slow_4_u.SimplifyPowOfTwo.after.mir
+fn slow_4_u(a: u32) -> u32 {
+    4u32.pow(a)
+}
+
+// EMIT_MIR simplify_pow_of_two_overflow_checks.slow_4_i.SimplifyPowOfTwo.after.mir
+fn slow_4_i(a: u32) -> i32 {
+    4i32.pow(a)
+}
+
+// EMIT_MIR simplify_pow_of_two_overflow_checks.slow_256_u.SimplifyPowOfTwo.after.mir
+fn slow_256_u(a: u32) -> u32 {
+    256u32.pow(a)
+}
+
+// EMIT_MIR simplify_pow_of_two_overflow_checks.slow_256_i.SimplifyPowOfTwo.after.mir
+fn slow_256_i(a: u32) -> i32 {
+    256i32.pow(a)
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    slow_2_u(0);
+    slow_2_i(0);
+    slow_2_u(1);
+    slow_2_i(1);
+    slow_2_u(2);
+    slow_2_i(2);
+    slow_4_u(4);
+    slow_4_i(4);
+    slow_4_u(15);
+    slow_4_i(15);
+    slow_4_u(16);
+    slow_4_i(16);
+    slow_4_u(17);
+    slow_4_i(17);
+    slow_256_u(2);
+    slow_256_i(2);
+}
diff --git a/tests/mir-opt/simplify_pow_of_two_overflow_checks.slow_256_i.SimplifyPowOfTwo.after.mir b/tests/mir-opt/simplify_pow_of_two_overflow_checks.slow_256_i.SimplifyPowOfTwo.after.mir
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..e6b7a74bfbab5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mir-opt/simplify_pow_of_two_overflow_checks.slow_256_i.SimplifyPowOfTwo.after.mir
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+// MIR for `slow_256_i` after SimplifyPowOfTwo
+
+fn slow_256_i(_1: u32) -> i32 {
+    debug a => _1;
+    let mut _0: i32;
+    let mut _2: u32;
+    let mut _3: (u32, bool);
+    let mut _4: bool;
+    let mut _5: bool;
+    let mut _6: i32;
+    let mut _7: i32;
+
+    bb0: {
+        StorageLive(_2);
+        _2 = _1;
+        _3 = CheckedMul(move _2, const 8_u32);
+        _4 = Lt((_3.0: u32), const 32_u32);
+        _5 = BitOr((_3.1: bool), _4);
+        _6 = _5 as i32 (IntToInt);
+        _7 = Shl(const 1_i32, (_3.0: u32));
+        _0 = MulUnchecked(_7, _6);
+        assert(_5, "attempt to compute `{} * {}`, which would overflow", const 1_u32, (_3.0: u32)) -> [success: bb1, unwind continue];
+    }
+
+    bb1: {
+        StorageDead(_2);
+        return;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/mir-opt/simplify_pow_of_two_overflow_checks.slow_256_u.SimplifyPowOfTwo.after.mir b/tests/mir-opt/simplify_pow_of_two_overflow_checks.slow_256_u.SimplifyPowOfTwo.after.mir
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..2c8921d0d2add
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mir-opt/simplify_pow_of_two_overflow_checks.slow_256_u.SimplifyPowOfTwo.after.mir
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+// MIR for `slow_256_u` after SimplifyPowOfTwo
+
+fn slow_256_u(_1: u32) -> u32 {
+    debug a => _1;
+    let mut _0: u32;
+    let mut _2: u32;
+    let mut _3: (u32, bool);
+    let mut _4: bool;
+    let mut _5: bool;
+    let mut _6: u32;
+    let mut _7: u32;
+
+    bb0: {
+        StorageLive(_2);
+        _2 = _1;
+        _3 = CheckedMul(move _2, const 8_u32);
+        _4 = Lt((_3.0: u32), const 32_u32);
+        _5 = BitOr((_3.1: bool), _4);
+        _6 = _5 as u32 (IntToInt);
+        _7 = Shl(const 1_u32, (_3.0: u32));
+        _0 = MulUnchecked(_7, _6);
+        assert(_5, "attempt to compute `{} * {}`, which would overflow", const 1_u32, (_3.0: u32)) -> [success: bb1, unwind continue];
+    }
+
+    bb1: {
+        StorageDead(_2);
+        return;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/mir-opt/simplify_pow_of_two_overflow_checks.slow_2_i.SimplifyPowOfTwo.after.mir b/tests/mir-opt/simplify_pow_of_two_overflow_checks.slow_2_i.SimplifyPowOfTwo.after.mir
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..f525bcb8309ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mir-opt/simplify_pow_of_two_overflow_checks.slow_2_i.SimplifyPowOfTwo.after.mir
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+// MIR for `slow_2_i` after SimplifyPowOfTwo
+
+fn slow_2_i(_1: u32) -> i32 {
+    debug a => _1;
+    let mut _0: i32;
+    let mut _2: u32;
+    let mut _3: (u32, bool);
+    let mut _4: bool;
+    let mut _5: bool;
+    let mut _6: i32;
+    let mut _7: i32;
+
+    bb0: {
+        StorageLive(_2);
+        _2 = _1;
+        _3 = CheckedMul(move _2, const 1_u32);
+        _4 = Lt((_3.0: u32), const 32_u32);
+        _5 = BitOr((_3.1: bool), _4);
+        _6 = _5 as i32 (IntToInt);
+        _7 = Shl(const 1_i32, (_3.0: u32));
+        _0 = MulUnchecked(_7, _6);
+        assert(_5, "attempt to compute `{} * {}`, which would overflow", const 1_u32, (_3.0: u32)) -> [success: bb1, unwind continue];
+    }
+
+    bb1: {
+        StorageDead(_2);
+        return;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/mir-opt/simplify_pow_of_two_overflow_checks.slow_2_u.SimplifyPowOfTwo.after.mir b/tests/mir-opt/simplify_pow_of_two_overflow_checks.slow_2_u.SimplifyPowOfTwo.after.mir
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..905b2797b3ff2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mir-opt/simplify_pow_of_two_overflow_checks.slow_2_u.SimplifyPowOfTwo.after.mir
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+// MIR for `slow_2_u` after SimplifyPowOfTwo
+
+fn slow_2_u(_1: u32) -> u32 {
+    debug a => _1;
+    let mut _0: u32;
+    let mut _2: u32;
+    let mut _3: (u32, bool);
+    let mut _4: bool;
+    let mut _5: bool;
+    let mut _6: u32;
+    let mut _7: u32;
+
+    bb0: {
+        StorageLive(_2);
+        _2 = _1;
+        _3 = CheckedMul(move _2, const 1_u32);
+        _4 = Lt((_3.0: u32), const 32_u32);
+        _5 = BitOr((_3.1: bool), _4);
+        _6 = _5 as u32 (IntToInt);
+        _7 = Shl(const 1_u32, (_3.0: u32));
+        _0 = MulUnchecked(_7, _6);
+        assert(_5, "attempt to compute `{} * {}`, which would overflow", const 1_u32, (_3.0: u32)) -> [success: bb1, unwind continue];
+    }
+
+    bb1: {
+        StorageDead(_2);
+        return;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/mir-opt/simplify_pow_of_two_overflow_checks.slow_4_i.SimplifyPowOfTwo.after.mir b/tests/mir-opt/simplify_pow_of_two_overflow_checks.slow_4_i.SimplifyPowOfTwo.after.mir
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..388d52e3abfc9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mir-opt/simplify_pow_of_two_overflow_checks.slow_4_i.SimplifyPowOfTwo.after.mir
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+// MIR for `slow_4_i` after SimplifyPowOfTwo
+
+fn slow_4_i(_1: u32) -> i32 {
+    debug a => _1;
+    let mut _0: i32;
+    let mut _2: u32;
+    let mut _3: (u32, bool);
+    let mut _4: bool;
+    let mut _5: bool;
+    let mut _6: i32;
+    let mut _7: i32;
+
+    bb0: {
+        StorageLive(_2);
+        _2 = _1;
+        _3 = CheckedMul(move _2, const 2_u32);
+        _4 = Lt((_3.0: u32), const 32_u32);
+        _5 = BitOr((_3.1: bool), _4);
+        _6 = _5 as i32 (IntToInt);
+        _7 = Shl(const 1_i32, (_3.0: u32));
+        _0 = MulUnchecked(_7, _6);
+        assert(_5, "attempt to compute `{} * {}`, which would overflow", const 1_u32, (_3.0: u32)) -> [success: bb1, unwind continue];
+    }
+
+    bb1: {
+        StorageDead(_2);
+        return;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/mir-opt/simplify_pow_of_two_overflow_checks.slow_4_u.SimplifyPowOfTwo.after.mir b/tests/mir-opt/simplify_pow_of_two_overflow_checks.slow_4_u.SimplifyPowOfTwo.after.mir
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..a4536affbc5c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mir-opt/simplify_pow_of_two_overflow_checks.slow_4_u.SimplifyPowOfTwo.after.mir
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+// MIR for `slow_4_u` after SimplifyPowOfTwo
+
+fn slow_4_u(_1: u32) -> u32 {
+    debug a => _1;
+    let mut _0: u32;
+    let mut _2: u32;
+    let mut _3: (u32, bool);
+    let mut _4: bool;
+    let mut _5: bool;
+    let mut _6: u32;
+    let mut _7: u32;
+
+    bb0: {
+        StorageLive(_2);
+        _2 = _1;
+        _3 = CheckedMul(move _2, const 2_u32);
+        _4 = Lt((_3.0: u32), const 32_u32);
+        _5 = BitOr((_3.1: bool), _4);
+        _6 = _5 as u32 (IntToInt);
+        _7 = Shl(const 1_u32, (_3.0: u32));
+        _0 = MulUnchecked(_7, _6);
+        assert(_5, "attempt to compute `{} * {}`, which would overflow", const 1_u32, (_3.0: u32)) -> [success: bb1, unwind continue];
+    }
+
+    bb1: {
+        StorageDead(_2);
+        return;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/ui/mir/simplify-pow-of-two.rs b/tests/ui/mir/simplify-pow-of-two.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..70df62717ea11
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ui/mir/simplify-pow-of-two.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+// run-pass
+
+#![feature(core_intrinsics)]
+#![feature(custom_mir)]
+
+use std::intrinsics::mir::*;
+
+fn slow_2_u(a: u32) -> u32 {
+    2u32.pow(a)
+}
+
+fn slow_2_i(a: u32) -> i32 {
+    2i32.pow(a)
+}
+
+fn slow_4_u(a: u32) -> u32 {
+    4u32.pow(a)
+}
+
+fn slow_4_i(a: u32) -> i32 {
+    4i32.pow(a)
+}
+
+fn slow_256_u(a: u32) -> u32 {
+    256u32.pow(a)
+}
+
+fn slow_256_i(a: u32) -> i32 {
+    256i32.pow(a)
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    assert_eq!(slow_2_u(0), 1);
+    assert_eq!(slow_2_i(0), 1);
+    assert_eq!(slow_2_u(1), 2);
+    assert_eq!(slow_2_i(1), 2);
+    assert_eq!(slow_2_u(2), 4);
+    assert_eq!(slow_2_i(2), 4);
+    assert_eq!(slow_4_u(4), 256);
+    assert_eq!(slow_4_i(4), 256);
+    assert_eq!(slow_4_u(15), 1073741824);
+    assert_eq!(slow_4_i(15), 1073741824);
+    assert_eq!(slow_4_u(16), 0);
+    assert_eq!(slow_4_i(16), 0);
+    assert_eq!(slow_4_u(17), 0);
+    assert_eq!(slow_4_i(17), 0);
+    assert_eq!(slow_256_u(2), 65536);
+    assert_eq!(slow_256_i(2), 65536);
+
+    for i in 0..300 {
+        for j in 0..3000 {
+            let ix = 2u128.pow(i);
+            assert_eq!(ix.pow(j), test_mir(i, j), "{ix}, {j}");
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// num is the power used to get recv, will be calculated while building this
+/// MIR but it's necessary here for testing
+///
+/// You can test this out in the playground here:
+/// https://play.rust-lang.org/?version=nightly&mode=release&edition=2021&gist=de34e2a6a8f9114ce01bfb62f9379413
+///
+/// This equals `ix.pow(j)` both with and without this optimization.
+#[custom_mir(dialect = "built")]
+pub fn test_mir(num: u32, exp: u32) -> u128 {
+    mir! {
+        {
+            let num_shl = Checked(exp * num);
+            let shl_result = num_shl.0 < 128;
+            let shl = 1u128 << num_shl.0;
+            let fine_bool = shl_result | num_shl.1;
+            let fine = fine_bool as u128;
+            RET = shl * fine;
+            Return()
+        }
+    }
+}