diff --git a/docs/conf.py b/docs/conf.py
index cd9266ce..9038cd2b 100644
--- a/docs/conf.py
+++ b/docs/conf.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+#
 #
 # Django REST framework JSON:API documentation build configuration file, created by
 # sphinx-quickstart on Fri Jul 24 23:31:15 2015.
diff --git a/example/api/resources/identity.py b/example/api/resources/identity.py
index a291ba4f..12705553 100644
--- a/example/api/resources/identity.py
+++ b/example/api/resources/identity.py
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ def posts(self, request):
     @action(detail=True)
     def manual_resource_name(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
         self.resource_name = "data"
-        return super(Identity, self).retrieve(request, args, kwargs)
+        return super().retrieve(request, args, kwargs)
 
     @action(detail=True)
     def validation(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
diff --git a/example/factories.py b/example/factories.py
index 0de561f6..96b85cad 100644
--- a/example/factories.py
+++ b/example/factories.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
-
 import factory
 from faker import Factory as FakerFactory
 
diff --git a/example/migrations/0001_initial.py b/example/migrations/0001_initial.py
index 35e01afe..0161cd49 100644
--- a/example/migrations/0001_initial.py
+++ b/example/migrations/0001_initial.py
@@ -1,7 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-# Generated by Django 1.9.5 on 2016-05-02 08:26
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import django.db.models.deletion
 from django.db import migrations, models
 
diff --git a/example/migrations/0002_taggeditem.py b/example/migrations/0002_taggeditem.py
index 3a57d22f..0abf49e0 100644
--- a/example/migrations/0002_taggeditem.py
+++ b/example/migrations/0002_taggeditem.py
@@ -1,7 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-# Generated by Django 1.10.5 on 2017-02-01 08:34
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import django.db.models.deletion
 from django.db import migrations, models
 
diff --git a/example/migrations/0003_polymorphics.py b/example/migrations/0003_polymorphics.py
index 46919dbb..1bae8491 100644
--- a/example/migrations/0003_polymorphics.py
+++ b/example/migrations/0003_polymorphics.py
@@ -1,7 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-# Generated by Django 1.11.1 on 2017-05-17 14:49
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import django.db.models.deletion
 from django.db import migrations, models
 
diff --git a/example/migrations/0004_auto_20171011_0631.py b/example/migrations/0004_auto_20171011_0631.py
index b1035dfe..fa597a29 100644
--- a/example/migrations/0004_auto_20171011_0631.py
+++ b/example/migrations/0004_auto_20171011_0631.py
@@ -1,7 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-# Generated by Django 1.11.6 on 2017-10-11 06:31
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import django.db.models.deletion
 from django.db import migrations, models
 
diff --git a/example/models.py b/example/models.py
index 18b965a3..63d93e33 100644
--- a/example/models.py
+++ b/example/models.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.contrib.contenttypes.fields import GenericForeignKey, GenericRelation
 from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType
 from django.db import models
diff --git a/example/serializers.py b/example/serializers.py
index 43415243..0e1022cc 100644
--- a/example/serializers.py
+++ b/example/serializers.py
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ class Meta:
 
 class EntrySerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
     def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        super(EntrySerializer, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
         # to make testing more concise we'll only output the
         # `featured` field when it's requested via `include`
         request = kwargs.get("context", {}).get("request")
@@ -379,7 +379,7 @@ class Meta:
 
 class CurrentProjectRelatedField(relations.PolymorphicResourceRelatedField):
     def get_attribute(self, instance):
-        obj = super(CurrentProjectRelatedField, self).get_attribute(instance)
+        obj = super().get_attribute(instance)
 
         is_art = self.field_name == "current_art_project" and isinstance(
             obj, ArtProject
diff --git a/example/tests/__init__.py b/example/tests/__init__.py
index daca2310..94a86486 100644
--- a/example/tests/__init__.py
+++ b/example/tests/__init__.py
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ def setUp(self):
         """
         Create those users
         """
-        super(TestBase, self).setUp()
+        super().setUp()
         self.create_users()
 
     def create_user(self, username, email, password="pw", first_name="", last_name=""):
diff --git a/example/tests/snapshots/snap_test_errors.py b/example/tests/snapshots/snap_test_errors.py
index dd5ca4f8..09bc25ef 100644
--- a/example/tests/snapshots/snap_test_errors.py
+++ b/example/tests/snapshots/snap_test_errors.py
@@ -1,7 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-# snapshottest: v1 - https://goo.gl/zC4yUc
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from snapshottest import Snapshot
 
 snapshots = Snapshot()
diff --git a/example/tests/snapshots/snap_test_openapi.py b/example/tests/snapshots/snap_test_openapi.py
index f89fb442..a0e6e78e 100644
--- a/example/tests/snapshots/snap_test_openapi.py
+++ b/example/tests/snapshots/snap_test_openapi.py
@@ -1,7 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-# snapshottest: v1 - https://goo.gl/zC4yUc
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from snapshottest import Snapshot
 
 snapshots = Snapshot()
diff --git a/example/tests/test_format_keys.py b/example/tests/test_format_keys.py
index 698a8bb1..8d99eec7 100644
--- a/example/tests/test_format_keys.py
+++ b/example/tests/test_format_keys.py
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ class FormatKeysSetTests(TestBase):
     list_url = reverse("user-list")
 
     def setUp(self):
-        super(FormatKeysSetTests, self).setUp()
+        super().setUp()
         self.detail_url = reverse("user-detail", kwargs={"pk": self.miles.pk})
 
     def test_camelization(self):
diff --git a/example/tests/test_generic_validation.py b/example/tests/test_generic_validation.py
index 99d2d09a..1c3561e7 100644
--- a/example/tests/test_generic_validation.py
+++ b/example/tests/test_generic_validation.py
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ class GenericValidationTest(TestBase):
     """
 
     def setUp(self):
-        super(GenericValidationTest, self).setUp()
+        super().setUp()
         self.url = reverse("user-validation", kwargs={"pk": self.miles.pk})
 
     def test_generic_validation_error(self):
diff --git a/example/tests/test_model_viewsets.py b/example/tests/test_model_viewsets.py
index a5bbcc00..c58b5131 100644
--- a/example/tests/test_model_viewsets.py
+++ b/example/tests/test_model_viewsets.py
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ class ModelViewSetTests(TestBase):
     list_url = reverse("user-list")
 
     def setUp(self):
-        super(ModelViewSetTests, self).setUp()
+        super().setUp()
         self.detail_url = reverse("user-detail", kwargs={"pk": self.miles.pk})
 
     def test_key_in_list_result(self):
diff --git a/example/tests/test_serializers.py b/example/tests/test_serializers.py
index 9cfe6db9..8f14fed8 100644
--- a/example/tests/test_serializers.py
+++ b/example/tests/test_serializers.py
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ def test_deserialize_many(self):
         print(serializer.data)
 
 
-class TestModelSerializer(object):
+class TestModelSerializer:
     def test_model_serializer_with_implicit_fields(self, comment, client):
         expected = {
             "data": {
diff --git a/example/tests/unit/test_filter_schema_params.py b/example/tests/unit/test_filter_schema_params.py
index 9c78dc61..f50304ac 100644
--- a/example/tests/unit/test_filter_schema_params.py
+++ b/example/tests/unit/test_filter_schema_params.py
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ class DummyEntryViewSet(EntryViewSet):
     def __init__(self, **kwargs):
         # dummy up self.request since PreloadIncludesMixin expects it to be defined
         self.request = None
-        super(DummyEntryViewSet, self).__init__(**kwargs)
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
 
 
 def test_filters_get_schema_params():
diff --git a/example/tests/unit/test_renderer_class_methods.py b/example/tests/unit/test_renderer_class_methods.py
index 51cc2481..6e7c9ea1 100644
--- a/example/tests/unit/test_renderer_class_methods.py
+++ b/example/tests/unit/test_renderer_class_methods.py
@@ -70,14 +70,12 @@ class CustomRenderer(JSONRenderer):
         @classmethod
         def extract_attributes(cls, fields, resource):
             cls.extract_attributes_was_overriden = True
-            return super(CustomRenderer, cls).extract_attributes(fields, resource)
+            return super().extract_attributes(fields, resource)
 
         @classmethod
         def extract_relationships(cls, fields, resource, resource_instance):
             cls.extract_relationships_was_overriden = True
-            return super(CustomRenderer, cls).extract_relationships(
-                fields, resource, resource_instance
-            )
+            return super().extract_relationships(fields, resource, resource_instance)
 
     assert (
         CustomRenderer.build_json_resource_obj(
diff --git a/example/tests/unit/test_serializer_method_field.py b/example/tests/unit/test_serializer_method_field.py
index 37e74ce6..1be56f47 100644
--- a/example/tests/unit/test_serializer_method_field.py
+++ b/example/tests/unit/test_serializer_method_field.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-
 from rest_framework import serializers
 
 from rest_framework_json_api.relations import SerializerMethodResourceRelatedField
diff --git a/example/views.py b/example/views.py
index 64d31780..27ec6c2e 100644
--- a/example/views.py
+++ b/example/views.py
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ def get_object(self):
         if entry_pk is not None:
             return Entry.objects.get(id=entry_pk).blog
 
-        return super(BlogViewSet, self).get_object()
+        return super().get_object()
 
 
 class DRFBlogViewSet(ModelViewSet):
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ def get_object(self):
         if entry_pk is not None:
             return Entry.objects.get(id=entry_pk).blog
 
-        return super(DRFBlogViewSet, self).get_object()
+        return super().get_object()
 
 
 class JsonApiViewSet(ModelViewSet):
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ def handle_exception(self, exc):
             exc.status_code = HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY
         # exception handler can't be set on class so you have to
         # override the error response in this method
-        response = super(JsonApiViewSet, self).handle_exception(exc)
+        response = super().handle_exception(exc)
         context = self.get_exception_handler_context()
         return format_drf_errors(response, context, exc)
 
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ def get_object(self):
         if entry_pk is not None:
             return Entry.objects.exclude(pk=entry_pk).first()
 
-        return super(EntryViewSet, self).get_object()
+        return super().get_object()
 
 
 class DRFEntryViewSet(ModelViewSet):
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ def get_object(self):
         if entry_pk is not None:
             return Entry.objects.exclude(pk=entry_pk).first()
 
-        return super(DRFEntryViewSet, self).get_object()
+        return super().get_object()
 
 
 class NoPagination(JsonApiPageNumberPagination):
diff --git a/rest_framework_json_api/__init__.py b/rest_framework_json_api/__init__.py
index 8f8e5dd7..6add109f 100644
--- a/rest_framework_json_api/__init__.py
+++ b/rest_framework_json_api/__init__.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-
 __title__ = "djangorestframework-jsonapi"
 __version__ = "4.2.1"
 __author__ = ""
diff --git a/rest_framework_json_api/django_filters/backends.py b/rest_framework_json_api/django_filters/backends.py
index 72ae873e..61518e1c 100644
--- a/rest_framework_json_api/django_filters/backends.py
+++ b/rest_framework_json_api/django_filters/backends.py
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ def get_schema_operation_parameters(self, view):
 
         This is basically the reverse of `get_filterset_kwargs` above.
         """
-        result = super(DjangoFilterBackend, self).get_schema_operation_parameters(view)
+        result = super().get_schema_operation_parameters(view)
         for res in result:
             if "name" in res:
                 res["name"] = "filter[{}]".format(res["name"]).replace("__", ".")
diff --git a/rest_framework_json_api/filters.py b/rest_framework_json_api/filters.py
index d5dd337c..ba3794cb 100644
--- a/rest_framework_json_api/filters.py
+++ b/rest_framework_json_api/filters.py
@@ -61,9 +61,7 @@ def remove_invalid_fields(self, queryset, fields, view, request):
             else:
                 underscore_fields.append(undo_format_field_name(item_rewritten))
 
-        return super(OrderingFilter, self).remove_invalid_fields(
-            queryset, underscore_fields, view, request
-        )
+        return super().remove_invalid_fields(queryset, underscore_fields, view, request)
 
 
 class QueryParameterValidationFilter(BaseFilterBackend):
diff --git a/rest_framework_json_api/parsers.py b/rest_framework_json_api/parsers.py
index 93767a07..61824749 100644
--- a/rest_framework_json_api/parsers.py
+++ b/rest_framework_json_api/parsers.py
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ def parse(self, stream, media_type=None, parser_context=None):
         """
         Parses the incoming bytestream as JSON and returns the resulting data
         """
-        result = super(JSONParser, self).parse(
+        result = super().parse(
             stream, media_type=media_type, parser_context=parser_context
         )
 
diff --git a/rest_framework_json_api/renderers.py b/rest_framework_json_api/renderers.py
index b84666db..db297870 100644
--- a/rest_framework_json_api/renderers.py
+++ b/rest_framework_json_api/renderers.py
@@ -662,9 +662,7 @@ class BrowsableAPIRenderer(renderers.BrowsableAPIRenderer):
     includes_template = "rest_framework_json_api/includes.html"
 
     def get_context(self, data, accepted_media_type, renderer_context):
-        context = super(BrowsableAPIRenderer, self).get_context(
-            data, accepted_media_type, renderer_context
-        )
+        context = super().get_context(data, accepted_media_type, renderer_context)
         view = renderer_context["view"]
 
         context["includes_form"] = self.get_includes_form(view)
diff --git a/rest_framework_json_api/serializers.py b/rest_framework_json_api/serializers.py
index d2ec5b53..0b4a8dfd 100644
--- a/rest_framework_json_api/serializers.py
+++ b/rest_framework_json_api/serializers.py
@@ -328,7 +328,7 @@ def get_field_names(self, declared_fields, info):
             field = declared_fields[field_name]
             if field_name not in meta_fields:
                 declared[field_name] = field
-        fields = super(ModelSerializer, self).get_field_names(declared, info)
+        fields = super().get_field_names(declared, info)
         return list(fields) + list(getattr(self.Meta, "meta_fields", list()))
 
 
diff --git a/setup.py b/setup.py
index eff9d026..08712129 100755
--- a/setup.py
+++ b/setup.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python
-from __future__ import print_function
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
 
 import os
 import re