diff --git a/packages/@angular/cli/commands/test.ts b/packages/@angular/cli/commands/test.ts
index a585b20b7dd6..709360991e9e 100644
--- a/packages/@angular/cli/commands/test.ts
+++ b/packages/@angular/cli/commands/test.ts
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ export interface TestOptions {
   watch?: boolean;
   codeCoverage?: boolean;
   singleRun?: boolean;
+  aot?: boolean;
   browsers?: string;
   colors?: boolean;
   log?: string;
@@ -54,6 +55,11 @@ const TestCommand = Command.extend({
       description: oneLine`Use a specific config file.
         Defaults to the karma config file in .angular-cli.json.`
     },
+    {
+      name: 'aot',
+      type: Boolean,
+      description: 'Build using Ahead of Time compilation.'
+    },
     {
       name: 'single-run',
       type: Boolean,
diff --git a/packages/@angular/cli/models/webpack-configs/typescript.ts b/packages/@angular/cli/models/webpack-configs/typescript.ts
index 51278a38b1d7..8de1b29e9948 100644
--- a/packages/@angular/cli/models/webpack-configs/typescript.ts
+++ b/packages/@angular/cli/models/webpack-configs/typescript.ts
@@ -146,7 +146,8 @@ export function getAotConfig(wco: WebpackConfigOptions) {
 }
 
 export function getNonAotTestConfig(wco: WebpackConfigOptions) {
-  const { projectRoot, appConfig } = wco;
+  const { projectRoot, appConfig, buildOptions } = wco;
+  const { aot } = buildOptions;
   const tsConfigPath = path.resolve(projectRoot, appConfig.root, appConfig.testTsconfig);
   const appTsConfigPath = path.resolve(projectRoot, appConfig.root, appConfig.tsconfig);
 
@@ -155,7 +156,8 @@ export function getNonAotTestConfig(wco: WebpackConfigOptions) {
   // since TS compilation there is stricter and tsconfig.spec.ts doesn't include them.
   const include = [appConfig.main, appConfig.polyfills];
 
-  let pluginOptions: any = { tsConfigPath, skipCodeGeneration: true, include };
+  let pluginOptions: any = { tsConfigPath, skipCodeGeneration: !aot,
+    enableSummariesForJit: aot, include };
 
   // Fallback to correct module format on projects using a shared tsconfig.
   if (tsConfigPath === appTsConfigPath) {
diff --git a/packages/@angular/cli/plugins/karma.ts b/packages/@angular/cli/plugins/karma.ts
index ad893a5fadb5..cf1d2f747f05 100644
--- a/packages/@angular/cli/plugins/karma.ts
+++ b/packages/@angular/cli/plugins/karma.ts
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ const init: any = (config: any, emitter: any, customFileHandlers: any) => {
     sourcemaps: true,
     progress: true,
     preserveSymlinks: false,
+    aot: config.aot,
   }, config.angularCli);
 
   if (testConfig.sourcemaps) {
diff --git a/packages/@ngtools/webpack/src/angular_compiler_plugin.ts b/packages/@ngtools/webpack/src/angular_compiler_plugin.ts
index 1e812dd5ec7c..70c3d5951433 100644
--- a/packages/@ngtools/webpack/src/angular_compiler_plugin.ts
+++ b/packages/@ngtools/webpack/src/angular_compiler_plugin.ts
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import {
   TransformOperation,
   makeTransform,
   replaceBootstrap,
+  replaceInitTestEnv,
   exportNgFactory,
   exportLazyModuleMap,
   registerLocaleData,
@@ -69,6 +70,7 @@ export interface AngularCompilerPluginOptions {
   exclude?: string | string[];
   include?: string[];
   compilerOptions?: ts.CompilerOptions;
+  enableSummariesForJit?: boolean;
 }
 
 export enum PLATFORM {
@@ -108,7 +110,7 @@ export class AngularCompilerPlugin implements Tapable {
 
   constructor(options: AngularCompilerPluginOptions) {
     CompilerCliIsSupported();
-    this._options = Object.assign({}, options);
+    this._options = Object.assign({ enableSummariesForJit: true }, options);
     this._setupOptions(this._options);
   }
 
@@ -242,6 +244,14 @@ export class AngularCompilerPlugin implements Tapable {
       this._JitMode = options.skipCodeGeneration;
     }
 
+    // Set ngsummaries option if AOT mode.
+    if (!this._JitMode || options.enableSummariesForJit !== undefined) {
+      this._angularCompilerOptions.enableSummariesForJit = options.enableSummariesForJit;
+      // If module option is 'commonjs', `ReferenceError: AppModuleNgSummary is not defined`
+      // is thrown at runtime. So overwrite it with 'ES2015' to suppres this error.
+      this._angularCompilerOptions.module = ts.ModuleKind.ES2015;
+    }
+
     // Process i18n options.
     if (options.hasOwnProperty('i18nInFile')) {
       this._angularCompilerOptions.i18nInFile = options.i18nInFile;
@@ -685,6 +695,10 @@ export class AngularCompilerPlugin implements Tapable {
                 transformOps.push(...replaceBootstrap(sf, this.entryModule));
               }
 
+              if (this.options.enableSummariesForJit) {
+                transformOps.push(...replaceInitTestEnv(sf, [this.entryModule]));
+              }
+
               // If we have a locale, auto import the locale data file.
               if (this._angularCompilerOptions.i18nInLocale) {
                 transformOps.push(...registerLocaleData(
diff --git a/packages/@ngtools/webpack/src/ngtools_api.ts b/packages/@ngtools/webpack/src/ngtools_api.ts
index ee9df8db3594..738387e89fea 100644
--- a/packages/@ngtools/webpack/src/ngtools_api.ts
+++ b/packages/@ngtools/webpack/src/ngtools_api.ts
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ export interface CompilerOptions extends ts.CompilerOptions {
   i18nInFile?: string;
   i18nInMissingTranslations?: 'error' | 'warning' | 'ignore';
   preserveWhitespaces?: boolean;
+  enableSummariesForJit?: boolean;
 }
 export interface CompilerHost extends ts.CompilerHost {
   moduleNameToFileName(moduleName: string, containingFile?: string): string | null;
diff --git a/packages/@ngtools/webpack/src/transformers/index.ts b/packages/@ngtools/webpack/src/transformers/index.ts
index de09607bb67e..5bdfafc1b133 100644
--- a/packages/@ngtools/webpack/src/transformers/index.ts
+++ b/packages/@ngtools/webpack/src/transformers/index.ts
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ export * from './make_transform';
 export * from './insert_import';
 export * from './remove_import';
 export * from './replace_bootstrap';
+export * from './replace_init_test_env';
 export * from './export_ngfactory';
 export * from './export_lazy_module_map';
 export * from './register_locale_data';
diff --git a/packages/@ngtools/webpack/src/transformers/replace_init_test_env.spec.ts b/packages/@ngtools/webpack/src/transformers/replace_init_test_env.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e8aca91d0439
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/@ngtools/webpack/src/transformers/replace_init_test_env.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+import * as ts from 'typescript';
+import { oneLine, stripIndent } from 'common-tags';
+import { transformTypescript } from './ast_helpers';
+import { replaceInitTestEnv } from './replace_init_test_env';
+
+describe('@ngtools/webpack transformers', () => {
+  describe('replace_init_test_env', () => {
+    it('should replace initTestEnvironment', () => {
+      const input = stripIndent`
+        import { getTestBed } from '@angular/core/testing';
+        import {
+          BrowserDynamicTestingModule,
+          platformBrowserDynamicTesting
+        } from '@angular/platform-browser-dynamic/testing';
+
+        getTestBed().initTestEnvironment(BrowserDynamicTestingModule,
+          platformBrowserDynamicTesting());
+      `;
+      const output = stripIndent`
+        import { getTestBed } from '@angular/core/testing';
+        import {
+          BrowserDynamicTestingModule,
+          platformBrowserDynamicTesting
+        } from '@angular/platform-browser-dynamic/testing';
+        import { AppModuleNgSummary } from "./app/app.module.ngsummary";
+
+        getTestBed().initTestEnvironment(BrowserDynamicTestingModule,
+          platformBrowserDynamicTesting(), () => [AppModuleNgSummary]);
+      `;
+
+      const transformOpsCb = (sourceFile: ts.SourceFile) =>
+        replaceInitTestEnv(sourceFile, [{ className: 'AppModule', path: './app/app.module' }]);
+      const result = transformTypescript(input, transformOpsCb);
+
+      expect(oneLine`${result}`).toEqual(oneLine`${output}`);
+    });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/packages/@ngtools/webpack/src/transformers/replace_init_test_env.ts b/packages/@ngtools/webpack/src/transformers/replace_init_test_env.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..bd609f6b7cf8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/@ngtools/webpack/src/transformers/replace_init_test_env.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+import * as ts from 'typescript';
+
+import { findAstNodes } from './ast_helpers';
+import { TransformOperation, AddNodeOperation } from './make_transform';
+import { insertImport } from './insert_import';
+
+export function replaceInitTestEnv(
+  sourceFile: ts.SourceFile,
+  modules: { path: string, className: string }[]
+): TransformOperation[] {
+  if (modules.length === 0) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const ops: TransformOperation[] = [];
+
+  // Find the initTestEnvironment calls.
+  const initTestEnvIdentifiers = findAstNodes<ts.Identifier>(null, sourceFile,
+    ts.SyntaxKind.Identifier, true)
+    .filter(identifier => identifier.getText() === 'initTestEnvironment');
+
+  if (initTestEnvIdentifiers.length === 0) {
+    return [];
+  }
+
+  const moduleNgSummaries = modules.map((mod) => {
+    return {
+      className: mod.className + 'NgSummary',
+      path: mod.path + '.ngsummary',
+    };
+  });
+
+  moduleNgSummaries.forEach((moduleNgSummary) =>
+    ops.push(...insertImport(sourceFile, moduleNgSummary.className, moduleNgSummary.path)));
+
+  initTestEnvIdentifiers.forEach((initTestEnvIdentifier) => {
+    if (initTestEnvIdentifier.parent.parent.kind !== ts.SyntaxKind.CallExpression) {
+      return;
+    }
+    const initTestEnvCall = initTestEnvIdentifier.parent.parent as ts.CallExpression;
+    if (initTestEnvCall.arguments.length !== 2) {
+      return;
+    }
+    const lastArgument = initTestEnvCall.arguments[initTestEnvCall.arguments.length - 1];
+    const ngSummariesArray = ts.createArrayLiteral(moduleNgSummaries.map((summary) =>
+      ts.createIdentifier(summary.className), true));
+    const aotSummariesFn = ts.createArrowFunction([], [], [], undefined,
+      ts.createToken(ts.SyntaxKind.EqualsGreaterThanToken), ngSummariesArray);
+    ops.push(new AddNodeOperation(sourceFile, lastArgument, null, aotSummariesFn));
+  });
+
+  return ops;
+}